Northern Hungary, encompassing Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén, Heves, and Nógrád counties, has an industrial landscape heavily influenced by its mining and metallurgical history. The region has undergone significant transformation, with a focus now on heavy industry, chemical production, and energy. The city of Miskolc is an industrial and educational center, hosting a mix of traditional manufacturing and emerging sectors like IT and logistics. However, the region faces challenges related to economic restructuring and unemployment, and efforts have been made to boost innovation and investment in newer industries, such as renewable energy and automotive components.